native american converts to islam

Organizations such as the American Muslim Council are actively engaged in upholding human and civil rights for all Americans. 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[222], Muslim Americans are significantly represented among those who tip authorities off to alleged plots having given 52 of the 140 documented tips regarding individuals involved in violent terrorist plots since 9/11 up to 2012.[221][222]. Royall Tyler wrote The Algerine Captive (1797), an early American novel depicting the life of an American doctor employed in the slave trade who himself is captured and enslaved by Barbary pirates. In 2020, the US Mosque Survey identified 2,796 Islamic places of worship in the United States, a "31% increase from the 2010 count." 24% or one in four US-born Muslims are non-denominational, versus 10% of immigrant Muslims. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Within the Muslim community in the United States there exist a number of different traditions. For hundreds on board, the terrifying 1629 wreck of Batavia was just the beginning. ISCA strives to integrate traditional scholarship in resolving contemporary issues affecting the maintenance of Islamic beliefs in a modern, secular society. There had been an average of six cases per year since 2001, but that rose to 13 in 2009. Malcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the NOI and, in accordance with NOI doctrine, advocated the complete separation of blacks from whites. Franklin wrote that "even if the Mufti of Constantinople were to send a missionary to preach Mohammedanism to us, he would find a pulpit at his service". Simcox also found that 29 percent of these individuals were converts to Islam. According to J. Michael Waller, Muslim inmates constitute 1520% of the prison population, or roughly 350,000 inmates in 2003. A 2011 Pew poll reported support for extremism among Muslim Americans is negligible. These immigrants settled primarily in Dearborn, Michigan; Paterson, New Jersey; Quincy, Massachusetts; and Ross, North Dakota. It is primarily a Social Welfare organization and runs many social projects, including Food Distribution to the homeless in their "No More Hunger" project and also provides Scholarship. One of the earliest accounts of Islam's possible presence in North America dates to 1528, when a Moroccan slave, called Mustafa Azemmouri, was shipwrecked near what is now Galveston, Texas. Please be respectful of copyright. quarter of U.S. Muslims are enrolled in college compared to just 13 percent of the general public and 27 percent of the native born. "[47], It is estimated that over 50% of the slaves imported to North America came from areas where Islam was followed by at least a minority population. [10][11], In 2005, more people from Muslim-majority countries became legal permanent United States residentsnearly 96,000than there had been in any other year in the previous two decades. Portrait by Charles Willson Peale, Philadelphia Museum of Art, The first country to recognize the United States as an independent nation was the Sultanate of Morocco, under its ruler Mohammed ben Abdallah, in the year 1777. [126] Of African American Muslims, 48% are Sunni, 34% are unaffiliated (mostly part of the Community of W. Deen Mohammed), 16% other (mostly Nation of Islam and Ahmadiyya) and 2% Shia. In a July 2017 poll, Muslims who say homosexuality should be accepted by society outnumber those who say it should be discouraged (52% of respondents, versus 33%), a level of acceptance similar to U.S. Protestants (52% in 2016). [223] Attempted attacks, like the Curtis Culwell Center attack and 2015 Boston beheading plot have attracted substantial media coverage[224] and inflamed community relations. p. 473, Edward E. Curtis (2010), Immigrant and Minority Entrepreneurship: p. 5, John Sibley Butler, George Kozmetsky. In the 2001 national census, 641 Indigenous people identified as Muslim. Why are a lot of Native Americans converting to Islam? According to its website, among the goals of IANA is to "unify and coordinate the efforts of the different dawah oriented organizations in North America and guide or direct the Muslims of this land to adhere to the proper Islamic methodology." He was detained as a material witness until June 9, 2002, when President George W. Bush designated him an enemy combatant and, arguing that he was not entitled to trial in civilian courts, had him transferred to a military prison. [92][93] They originate from South Asia, Europe, Middle East, and East Africa;[94] and are often from the countries of: Islamic Republic of Pakistan, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen and East Africa; Shiites in the United States also make up about 16 percent of the country's total Muslim population. While enslaved, he became the religious leader and Imam for a slave community numbering approximately eighty Muslim men residing on his plantation. Examples of such small branches include progressive Muslims, Mahdavi Muslims, Ibadi Muslims, and Ismaili Muslims. Of these, 110 were first-time candidates who represent an unprecedented rise for a diverse Muslim community that is typically underrepresented in American politics.". Muslims and Jews are, most likely to express fear for their personal safety or that of their family from white supremacist groups as a result of the 2016 elections. Overall, the majority of nonwhite Muslims do report some level of race-based discrimination in the past year. In 1863, Said enlisted in the 55th Massachusetts Colored Regiment in the United States Army and rose to the rank of sergeant. [103] From 1910 to 1912, Inayat Khan toured major American cities preaching Islam; he attracted large audiences though not as many converts. Many Hispanic converts were former Christians. [143] Pew Research Center notes that 61% of respondents to the survey "say that women have served on the board at some point in the last five years. A UK break in Falmouth, Cornwall's maritime boomtown, An essential guide to the street art scene of Kaunas, Lithuania. [48] Like many Muslim slaves, he often encountered impediments when attempting to perform religious rituals and was eventually allotted a private location for prayer by his master. [154], In 2020, Democratic candidate Joe Biden received 69% of the Muslim vote, whereas Republican candidate Donald Trump received 17% (an increase from 13% in 2016). The ISCA's stated aims include providing practical solutions for American Muslims, based on the traditional Islamic legal rulings of an international advisory board, many of whom are recognized as the highest-ranking Islamic scholars in the world. The Boston Marathon bombing in 2013 caused 280 injuries, and 5 civilian and police deaths. [139] Paterson in New Jersey has been nicknamed Little Ramallah and Little Istanbul and contains a neighborhood with the same name, with an Arab American population estimated as high as 20,000 in 2015. Muslim by intuition: The story of a Native American convert Jennah Adam 23rd May 2015 Advertise on TMV I sat there and cried. In their religious texts members refer to themselves as "Asiatics",[74] within the teachings of Noble Drew Ali, the members are taught man cannot be a Negro, Colored Folk, Black people, Ethiopians, because these names were given to slaves by slave holders in 1779 and lasted until 1865 during the time of slavery. Well, it wasn't true. The association recognizes the leadership of Warith Deen Mohammed. The Nation of Islam has received a great deal of criticism for its anti-white, anti-Christian, and anti-semitic teachings,[83] and is listed as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center. Janet Jackson married a muslim. "[154], To date, four Muslims have served in the United States Congress, all members of the Democratic Party. Muslim political organizations lobby on behalf of various Muslim political interests. [203], A 2021 Pew study found that 78% of Americans believe Muslims face discrimination, which was a higher percentage than for other religions. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. [136], 45 percent of immigrant Muslims report annual household income levels of $50,000 or higher. Views of Islam in America affected debates regarding freedom of religion during the drafting of the state constitution of Pennsylvania in 1776. By the 2006 census the number had climbed by more than 60% to 1014 . [2] It was established in 1913 in New Jersey and incorporated in Illinois in 1926 and then legally changed its name in 1928,[75] The Ahmadiyya Movement was established in 1920 and incorporated in 1948. [40], Alexander Russell Webb is considered by historians to be the earliest prominent Anglo-American convert to Islam in 1888. Many are professionals, especially in medicine (they account for 2.7-5% of America's physicians),[133][134] scientists, engineers, and financial analysts, and there are also a large number of entrepreneurs. Islamic k-12 schools typically teach tawhid, or belief that God is the creator and sustainer of the universe; ilm, the imperative to seek knowledge; and talim, and specific teaching about the Quran and ahadith. 57 dozymoe 7 yr. ago In November 2009 Amal Abusumayah, a mother of four young girls, had her hijab pulled following derogatory comments while grocery shopping. Its membership may have recently exceeded ASM, as many independent mosques throughout the United States are choosing to affiliate with it. The Islamic Supreme Council of America (ISCA) is a small body representing Sufi teachings, which, according to adherents, is the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. The Nation also promotes racial unity and self-help and maintains a strict code of discipline among members. What is the Threat to the United States Today? The Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, with offices in Dearborn, MI and Washington, DC, is an independent, nonpartisan research organization specializing in addressing the most pressing challenges facing the American Muslim community and in bridging the information gap between the American Muslim community and the wider society. [161], According to a 2018 poll from the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, American Muslims were as satisfied with the American trajectory as the general public, reporting at around 27%. [126] Muslims of Arab descent are mostly Sunni (56%) with minorities who are Shia (19%). 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[165][166], One of the largest Islamic organizations is the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) which says that 27% of mosques in U.S. are associated with it. ICNA describes itself as a non-ethnic, open to all, independent, North America-wide, grass-roots organization. The volume selected was a rare copy of the Qur'an. In Sweden, there are now at least 5,000 converts to Islam. [56], In his autobiography, published in 1791, Benjamin Franklin stated that he "did not disapprove" of a meeting place in Pennsylvania that was designed to accommodate preachers of all religions. Islam is the third largest religion in the United States (1%), behind Christianity and irreligion, equaling Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism percentage wise. According to a Pew Research Center poll from 2011, 36% of Muslim American women reported wearing hijab whenever they were in public, with an additional 24% indicating they wore it most or some of the time, while only 40% indicated that they never wore the headcover. Davis converted to Islam while in jail, taking on the name "Sa. In 1785, George Washington stated a willingness to hire "Mahometans", as well as people of any nation or religion, to work on his private estate at Mount Vernon if they were "good workmen".[55]. The officer reportedly said, "I will save one volume as a memento of this occasion." [34] Nicholas Said (born 1836), formerly enslaved to an Arab master, came to the United States in 1860 and found a teaching job in Detroit. In 2020, the U.S. The libraries at the University of Alabama managed to save one book from the debris of their library buildings. By 2004, Bush's Muslim support had been reduced by at least half, who would vote for Democratic candidate John Kerry or a third-party candidate.[159]. The first significant migration of Muslims to America, however, is an indisputable fact: in three centuries of the slave trade, an estimated 10 to 50 percent of the ten million Africans brought to these shores against their will were Muslims. After the September 11 attacks and the start of the Afghanistan war in 2001, there was concern about the potential radicalization of American Muslims. [80] He left the NOI after being silenced for 90 days (due to a controversial comment on the John F. Kennedy assassination), and proceeded to form Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity before his pilgrimage to Mecca and conversion to Sunni Islam. Which is your opinion? ISCA aims to integrate traditional scholarship in resolving contemporary issues affecting the maintenance of Islamic beliefs in a modern, secular society. is short for White Evangelical, the specific demographic surveyed):[240]. The North American Shia Ithna-Asheri (Twelver Shi'ism) Muslim Communities Organization (NASIMCO) is the largest umbrella group for North American Shias. The largest Quranist movement in the United States is the United Submitters International. In photographer Giulia Iacolutti' s native Italy, the conversation about Islam revolved . [49], Michael A. Gomez speculated that Muslim slaves may have accounted for "thousands, if not tens of thousands", but does not offer a precise estimate. Despite their social conservatism, 71% of American Muslims expressed a preference for the Democratic Party. It is composed mostly of immigrants. [46] Historians estimate that between 15 and 30 percent of all enslaved African men and less than 15 percent of the enslaved African women were Muslims. Many Ahmadi Muslims fled countries like Pakistan due to persecution in recent times. ), Question 1: I want to live in a country where no one is targeted for their religious identity, Question 2: The negative things politicians say regarding Muslims is harmful to our country, Question 3: Most Muslims living in the United States are committed to the wellbeing of America, Question 4: Most people associate negative stereotypes with my faith identity, Media related to Islam in the United States at Wikimedia Commons. The organization also believes that their descendants after being conquered in Spain are slaves who were captured and held in slavery from 1779 to 1865 by their slaveholders. [233] According to a poll in November 2015 by the Public Religion Research Institute 56 percent of Americans believe that the values of Islam are at odds with the American values and ways of life. In 1797, President John Adams signed the Treaty of Tripoli, declaring the United States had no "character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquillity, of Mussulmen". In the 2000 Presidential election, nearly 80 percent of Muslim Americans supported Republican candidate George W. Bush over Democratic candidate Al Gore. Muslims in Mexico blend their indigenous ways of life with the customs required by Islam. [205], Politically, American Muslims both supported larger government and are socially conservative. In a 2017 Survey done by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, only 15% of American Muslims wanted Donald Trump to win the 2016 presidential election, compared to 54% wanting Hillary Clinton to win. By the 1930s and 1940s, Muslims in the US built mosques for their communal religious observance. [17] The remainder identify with neither group, including some who consider themselves to be non-denominational Muslims. Omar converted to Christianity in 1820, an episode widely used throughout the South to "prove" the benevolence of slavery. [227] There are reported incidents in which Muslim cashiers have refused to sell pork products to their clientele.[228]. Anti-Federalists in the 1788 North Carolina ratifying convention opposed the new constitution; one reason was the fear that some day Catholics or Muslims might be elected president. America had already some of the lowest percentages (about 1.1% of the total US population) of muslims among Western nations, and with the ban in 2018, many African muslims were also barred from traveling to the U.S. or seek refuge there. In his autobiography Jefferson wrote "[When] the [Virginia] bill for establishing religious freedom was finally passed, a singular proposition proved that its protection of opinion was meant to be universal. He stated that the organization practiced the "Old Time Religion" of Islamism, but he also drew inspiration from Mohammedanism, Buddhism, Christianity, Gnosticism, and Taoism. The Ahmadiyya Community was established in 1920 in the United States. Muslims in the United States have increasingly made their own culture; there are various Muslim comedy groups, rap groups, Scout troops and magazines, and Muslims have been vocal in other forms of media as well.[148]. According to some historians, contact between Native Americans and Muslims began much earlier that we may think. The Muslim population of the U.S. increased dramatically after President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 into law. In 2000, Dearborn, Michigan, ranked second with 29,181, and Los Angeles ranked third with 25,673; although Paterson, New Jersey, in the New York City Metropolitan Area, was estimated to have become home to 25,000 to 30,000 Muslims as of 2011. The MSA is involved in providing Muslims on various campuses the opportunity to practice their religion and to ease and facilitate such activities. The Moorish Science Temple of America is an American organization founded in 1913 by Noble Drew Ali. Two-thirds (67%) of all converts to Islam in the U.S. came from . In 1790, the South Carolina legislative body granted special legal status to a community of Moroccans. Considering how its plant properties produce a nonordinary consciousness, I would think of it as haram to use. [104]:3132 Soon after, indigenous African-American Muslim groups began to form: the Moorish Science Temple was established in Chicago in 1925, and the Nation of Islam formed in 1930. [239], In the American Muslim Poll 2018, the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding set out "to measure the level of public anti-Muslim sentiment" in the United States. The first Million Man March took place in Washington, D.C. in 1995 and was followed later by another one in 2000 which was smaller in size but more inclusive, welcoming individuals other than just African American men. African Americans converted in mass numbers to Islam in the 20th century due to several different conversion efforts by Muslim groups. Two of the most famous people to join the NOI were Malcolm X, who became the face of the NOI in the media, and Muhammad Ali, who, while initially rejected, was accepted into the group shortly after his first world heavyweight championship victory. [97] It has been linked to neoconservative thought. This has been a 23-year process of religious reorientation and organizational decentralization, in the course of which the group was known by other names, such as the American Muslim Mission, W.Deen Mohammed guided its members to the practice of mainstream Islam such as salat or fasting, and teaching the basic creed of Islam the shahadah. The very first English interpretation of the Quran produced by a native English speaker was the work of Englishman Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall. The chart below shows the total percentage from each American faith demographic that agreed with the statements below. Islam served as a kind of blueprint or algorithm for the Spanish in the New World. In 1893, he was the sole representative of Islam at the first Parliament of the World's Religions. Clarence 13X, a former student of Malcolm X, left the Nation of Islam after a theological dispute with the Nation's leaders over the nature and identity of God. population. The ban had a dramatic impact, but the measure was immediately rescinded in 2020, when Joe Biden took office. [95], The "heart of Shiism in the U.S." is placed in Dearborn,[96] home to the Islamic Center of America. Fard drew inspiration for NOI doctrines from those of Timothy Drew's Moorish Science Temple of America. [154] The Islamic experience in the US is also not well known or researched among mainstream society, with Jewish scholar Lior Sternfeld stating, "Muslim-Americans were a much smaller and more marginalized community, but it's changing. [71], During the first half of the 20th century, a small number of African Americans established groups based on Islamic and Gnostic teachings. ", "Copy of Quran only book saved from Union's 1865 burning of UA", "Private Mohammed Kahn: Civil War Soldier", "Brief History of Islam in North America", "America banned Muslims long before Donald Trump", "African Muslim Slaves and Islam in Antebellum America", W. E. B. 1893: Alexander Russell Webb starts the first Islamic Mission in the United States called the American Muslim Propagation Movement. In Germany, at least 20,000 people have converted to Islam in recent years, according to a report by RTL television. . Historians argue that Muslims first arrived in the Americas in the early 16th century in what is now New Mexico and Arizona. [220] Furthermore, a 2012 study by the University of North Carolina indicated that the yearly number of cases of alleged plots by Muslim-Americans appears to be declining. [192] America's Islamic Heritage Museum, in Washington, D.C., opened on April 30, 2011.[193]. Christian immigrants suspected of secretly being Muslims were also excluded. In essence, it announced a new state of society: offering Native Americans the chance to convert to Christianity and submit to Spanish rule, or else bear responsibility for all the 'deaths and losses' that would follow . Islam in the African-American Experience. [100][101][102], Some of the earliest Islamic missionary activities were undertaken by Alexander Russell Webb, who in 1893 established a mission in Manhattan, although it faltered due to lack of funding. The Moorish Science Temple of America's current leader is R. Jones-Bey. It was estimated that there were at least 20,000 members in 2006. The study also found that 66% of Americans agree that the negative things politicians say regarding Muslims is harmful to our country. Breaking down the results by faith community, 78% of Muslims and non-affiliated Americans agreed, contrasted with only 45% of white Evangelicals. v t e Islam is the third largest religion in the United States (1%), behind Christianity and Irreligion, equaling Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism percentage wise. For these reasons, integration of Muslims has been relatively less controversial in the US compared to Europe. [226] While the Boston Marathon bombing had a high injury toll, only four deaths were counted by the group, and the group's count of only deaths from violent extremism showed that since 9/11, 48 people had been killed by anti-government extremists, compared to 28 by Jihadists. [16] The Pew Research Center estimates about 73% of American Muslims are Sunni, while 16% are Shia; the remainder identify with neither group, and may include movements such as the Nation of Islam, Ahmadiyya or non-denominational Muslims. [131], When it comes to education, the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding reported in 2017 that across the board, American Muslims, Protestants, and Catholics have similar education levels. The U.S. Muslim community is made up heavily of immigrants and the children of immigrants from around the world. It was estimated that there were 200,000 followers of W. D. Mohammed at the time. Drew taught that black people were of Moorish origin but their Muslim identity was taken away through slavery and racial segregation, advocating the return to Islam of their Moorish ancestry. Koszegi, Michael A., and J. Gordon Melton, eds. The third largest group is the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA). 4 Drew changed his name to Noble Drew Ali and sought to bring the "Moors" to their native religion of Islam through the Moorish Science Temple. . A new mosque was built in its place in 2005. [41] Although the first mosque was established in the U.S. in 1915, relatively few mosques were founded before the 1960s. Could this simple plan save Africa's most mysterious cat? 5 unmissable foods that unlock Jordans culinary scene, How to plan the ultimate Silk Road adventure. The early history of Muslims in the New World is the subject of debate. 67% of Muslims who were stopped at a US border also reported that they were easily identifiable as a member of their faith group. [218] The poll indicated all segments of the Muslim American population were opposed to violence and to a correlation between support for suicide bombing and religiosity measures. [164] In June 2022, Republican candidate Mehmet Oz became the first Muslim to be nominated by a major party for the U.S. I didn't want it. [9] Immigration to the United States post-1965 favored those deemed to have specialized educational and skills, thus impacting the socio-economic makeup of American Muslims. Advertisement. As he took control of the organization, he quickly brought in new reforms. Converts to Islam. He had converted to Islam while serving his last jail sentence in prison, and went to Pakistan where he was recruited into Al-Qaeda. On the other hand, Alexander Hamilton argued that despotism in the Middle East was the result of the Sultan not having enough power to protect his people from oppressive local governors; thus he argued for a stronger central government.[61]. But many American converts to Islam break the daily fast alone, often in front of the TV set. [200] Political party also plays a role in whether Americans believe Islam encourages violence. Say the following words with clarity of intention, firm faith, and belief: Say: " Ash-hadu an la ilaha . [90], An estimated 386,000[91] to 900,000 Shia Muslims live in the United States. This page was last edited on 30 May 2023, at 03:53. [85] Specifically, Clarence 13X denied that the Nation's biracial founder Wallace Fard Muhammad was Allah and instead taught that the black man was himself God personified. His movement popularized the phrase: "The Qur'an, the whole Qur'an, and nothing but the Qur'an". 'Worlds worst shipwreck' was bloodier than we thought. [94], Some Muslim Americans adhere to the doctrines of Sufism. This article explores the conversion processes of Polish women of Catholic background to Islam. The Nation of Islam (NOI) was created in 1930 by Wallace Fard Muhammad. [citation needed]. [219], While the seeming increase in cases may be alarming, half "involve single individuals, while the rest represent tiny conspiracies, " according to Congressional testimony. [51], Some newly arrived Muslim slaves assembled for communal salat (prayers). In fact, a 2018 study done by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding asserts that, a higher religious identity correlates with a higher American identity among all Americans, especially Muslims.[163], Similarly to the broader American public, U.S. Muslims have become more accepting of homosexuality in recent years. The converts Sadiq attracted tended to be African American. [199] A 2015 Brookings poll found that 14% Americans believe most Muslims support ISIS and another 44% believe Muslims partially support ISIS. [210] The same year, the Arab American Institute reported an increase in anti-Muslim hate crimes ranging from discrimination and destruction of private property to violent threats and assaults, some of which resulted in deaths. A closer historical look, however, reveals a different story. Previous religions of those converted was Protestantism (67%), Roman Catholicism (10%), and 15% no religion. Born in Cambridge Terrace, London, Pickthall converted to Islam in 1917. [119][120], Since the arrival of South Asian and Arab communities during the 1990s there has been divisions with the African Americans due to the racial and cultural differences; however, since September 11, 2001, the two groups joined when the immigrant communities looked towards the African Americans for advice on civil rights.[121]. p. 262. The second largest Muslim organization is the community under the leadership of W. Deen Mohammed or the American Society of Muslims with 19% of mosques, mostly African-Americans having an affiliation with it. Where the preamble declares that coercion is a departure from the plan of the holy author of our religion, an amendment was proposed, by inserting the word 'Jesus Christ', so that it should read 'a departure from the plan of Jesus Christ, the holy author of our religion'. is a community outreach project of ICNA;[169][170] it seeks to provide accurate information about Islam[171] while debunking popular stereotypes and common misconceptions through various services and outreach activities.[172][173]. One in four bullying incidents involving Muslims is rerouted to have involved a teacher or other school official. For NOI doctrines from those of Timothy Drew 's Moorish Science Temple of America 's leader! Many Ahmadi Muslims fled countries like Pakistan due to several different conversion efforts by Muslim.!, John Sibley Butler, George Kozmetsky Michigan ; Paterson, New Jersey ; Quincy, Massachusetts ; Ross. Quranist movement in the past year, open to all, independent North. His movement popularized the phrase: `` the Qur'an '' Similarly to the doctrines of Sufism all. Throughout the United States called the American Muslim Council are actively engaged in upholding human and civil for. By the 2006 census the number had climbed by more than 60 % to 1014 identify with neither group including! Climbed by more than 60 % to 1014 the terrifying 1629 wreck of Batavia just. Built mosques for their communal religious observance book from the debris of their buildings... Created in 1930 by Wallace fard Muhammad considering how its plant properties produce nonordinary... The beginning ): [ 240 ] in 1913 by Noble Drew Ali on board, the specific demographic )... 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